How we work // The FRANK Method™

Investigate First. Fix Second.

Every engagement has 2 halves, in this order. The investigation looks back, to find what is actually causing the problem. The FRANK intervention looks forward, to make sure the problem does not come back.

Rather listen?

The method, as a conversation, in 10 minutes

0:00 / 9:36

Generated from the FranklySpeaking documents. It describes the method, not a client.

The timeline

What Happens, Week by Week

The same steps in every engagement. Select a step to see what it involves.

Part 1 // The investigation

Part 2 // The FRANK intervention

How we get to the truth

We Do Not Rely on Anyone Being Honest

Sponsors often ask: if my people will not tell me, why would they tell you? The method does not depend on it.

  1. What Happened, Not What People Think

    We ask people to walk us through real events. A specific story is much harder to spin than an opinion.

  2. The System, Never a Person

    Nobody is being judged, so nobody needs to defend themselves.

  3. Nothing Can Be Traced

    Nothing reaches you with a name on it. We sit outside your reporting line, and we leave.

  4. The Same Questions for Everyone

    We ask everyone the same questions. Where their answers about the same meeting do not match, we know where to look.

  5. Confirmed Twice

    A claim becomes a finding only when a second source agrees: another person, a document or a number.

One person can spin a story. 12 people, the minutes and the budget cannot all spin it the same way.

Trace the cause

The Failure Is the Last Thing on the Record

We follow each problem back to the conditions that made it likely. The failure everyone sees comes last. The conditions were in place long before.

The organisation’s flight recorder // Specimen

Month 0Nothing on the record looks wrong yet.

  1. Month 2An escalation route is set up with no deadline for a response.
  2. Month 6A concern raised in public is answered badly. People learn to stay quiet.
  3. Month 11The budget is set by a different team, on a different timetable.
  4. Month 15The same reporting line is restructured for the third time. The approval limit does not move.
  5. Month 22The trigger: the failure everyone sees.
Move along the record with your pointer, or with the arrow keys. Illustrative: it describes no client.

An accident does not begin when something goes wrong. It begins when the system stops being able to see itself.

Part 2 // The FRANK intervention

5 Stages, in an Order That Does Not Change

Find out what is really happening. Then fix what is causing it.

  1. Frame the Reality

    We put the facts and the evidence in front of the team as one shared picture, so the conversation afterwards stands on solid ground.

  2. Reflect on Alignment

    We check whether what the team did matches what it agreed to do. The question is what the system was missing, not who is at fault.

  3. Articulate the Impact

    We put a number on it: delay, rework, replacement costs, slow decisions and penalty exposure. A board can act on a finding it can price.

  4. Name the Adjustments

    We agree exactly what changes, who owns each change and how anyone outside the room could tell it was done.

  5. Kickstart Realignment

    12 weeks of putting the changes into practice, tracked against the register, with our support withdrawn on a schedule you can see in advance.

Why this orderSkip a step and you get agreement in the room, and nothing different by Friday.

Change only sticks when people agree on 3 things, in this order: what happened, what it costs and what will change.

  • Frame first. Until the facts are on the table as one picture, every discussion is an argument about whose version is right.
  • Reflect next. People compare what they did with what they agreed, without blame, so nobody needs to defend themselves.
  • Articulate before Name. A team that has not seen the cost in real numbers has no reason to change anything specific.
  • Name, then Kickstart. Each change gets one owner and a test. Only then does the team start practising it.

What you receive

4 Documents, and One You Keep Using

  1. Week 1

    Preliminary Report

    A written position on 3 things: whether this looks like a system problem, what an investigation would examine and what it would cost. If there is nothing worth investigating, the first paragraph says so and you pay nothing. Otherwise the report costs US$2,500, and if you go ahead with the investigation, we deduct it from the fee.

    Read a sample report (PDF)

  2. Weeks 10–14

    Findings Report

    Numbered findings, one to a page. Each carries the pattern, the evidence and the consequence. How many people we heard it from is in the sentence.

  3. Weeks 12–16

    Alignment Register

    Every change scored for severity, likelihood and how easily it would be spotted. Each has one named owner and a completion test anyone could check.

  4. The next 12 weeks

    Embedding Protocol

    A published schedule for withdrawing our support, with the register re-scored at each step. Your board keeps the register when we leave.

An investigation with no intervention is an expensive document.

Where it comes from

Inspired by Air Accident Investigation and Undercover Boss

Neither is a management theory. That is deliberate. Management theory comes from the same field that produces the failures we are called in to examine.

Inspiration 1 // Aircraft accident investigation

ICAO Annex 13, Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation

Investigators may not ask whose fault it was. This is not kindness. Blame does not work. Replace the pilot, and the next pilot sits in the same seat, in front of the same faulty instrument, trained on the same rushed schedule. The accident happens again.

So investigators ask a different question: what did this person believe was true when they acted, and what made it impossible for them to know otherwise? Asked in a boardroom instead of a cockpit, that question is the whole method.

Inspiration 2 // Undercover Boss

What Changes When Rank Leaves the Room

In the television series Undercover Boss, a chief executive works inside their own organisation as nobody in particular, and the truth they hear changes at once. People were not lying before. Telling your boss bad news carries real risk, and removing the boss removes the risk.

We do not go undercover on client work. We take the lesson, not the disguise: hierarchy filters the truth before it reaches the top.

The discipline comes from a field that proved blame makes outcomes worse. The starting point comes from what changes when hierarchy is removed. Neither idea is ours. Applying both to one leadership team, in a bounded and independent way, is.

The 6 disciplines

AviationICAO Annex 13How to trace a chain of causes, with blame excluded from the terms of reference.

Adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization in 1951 as Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation. It is the international standard for investigating a crash.

Used in the investigation, phase 1

Human factorsSwiss cheese modelHow to map weaknesses across several defences and find where the gaps line up.

Set out by James Reason in 1990. Every defence has gaps. A failure happens when several gaps line up on the same path.

Used in the investigation, phase 4

Human factorsSituational awarenessHow to separate what a team saw, what it understood and what it expected next.

Set out by Dr Mica Endsley in 1988, in 3 levels: perceiving the data, understanding what it means and predicting what happens next. Most executive failures happen at the second level, not the first.

Used in the investigation, phase 2

Safety scienceRestorative just cultureHow to keep people talking once uncomfortable findings are on the table.

Developed by Sidney Dekker. It asks what the system needs to learn, not who deserves blame. That is what keeps a team honest once a finding becomes uncomfortable.

Used in the intervention, Reflect

Flight deck trainingCrew Resource ManagementHow to measure whether junior people can safely challenge senior ones.

Developed after well-trained flight crews kept making avoidable, fatal mistakes because a junior officer would not challenge a captain.

Used in the investigation, phase 4

Reliability engineeringFailure Mode and Effects AnalysisHow to score what is left over, by severity, likelihood and how easily it is spotted.

A register kept after the intervention closes. It scores each remaining risk, so a gap that starts to reopen is caught early.

Used in the intervention, Kickstart

When the evidence points to a person

Could Not See It, or Did Not Act on It

It decides what happens next, and no checklist can make the call for you.

The information never arrived

The Leader Could Not See It

The system filtered, softened or never delivered the information that would have changed the decision. This is a fault in the system. Fixing how information travels is part of the FRANK intervention.

The information arrived

Nothing Happened

The information reached the decision-maker clearly, and nothing followed. We do not judge why. We show what arrived, when and what followed, each confirmed by a second source.

Who makes the call. We establish the facts. The board makes the call. A finding says nothing about motive or character, and makes no recommendation about anyone’s job. The person concerned sees it first and can respond, as people involved can with a draft air accident report. The board then receives every finding in full and decides whether it was a choice, and what to do.

We protect sources, not decisions. Everything people tell us stays confidential. Decisions taken with authority are not hidden.

A Bounded, Independent Investigation, Then a Structured Intervention

12–16 weeks to a finding, a fixed fee agreed before it starts, and 12 weeks of support while the fix takes hold.